Python Syllabus

Python Syllabus

Data Types

Definition: Data types specify the type of data that a variable can hold. Python is dynamically-typed, which means you don't need to declare a variable’s type explicitly.

Explanation: Python provides several built-in data types, including numeric types, sequences, mappings, and more.

Basic Data Types:

  • int: Integer
  • float: Floating-point number
  • complex: Complex number
  • str: String
  • bool: Boolean

Example:

num = 10
price = 19.99
letter = 'A'
is_python_fun = True

print("Integer:", num)
print("Float:", price)
print("String:", letter)
print("Boolean:", is_python_fun)

Variables

Definition: Variables are containers for storing data values. In Python, you can assign values to variables without explicitly declaring their type.

Explanation: Variables in Python are dynamically typed, meaning their type is determined at runtime based on the value assigned.

Example:

local_variable = 10
global_variable = 5

def example_function():
    local_variable = 20
    print("Local Variable:", local_variable)
    print("Global Variable:", global_variable)

example_function()
print("Global Variable outside function:", global_variable)

Loops

Definition: Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly based on a condition.

Explanation: Python supports several types of loops: for loop and while loop.

For Loop:

for i in range(5):
    print("Iteration:", i)

While Loop:

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print("Iteration:", i)
    i += 1

Conditions

Definition: Conditions control the flow of the program based on certain criteria.

Explanation: Python supports conditional statements like if, elif, and else to make decisions in the code.

If-Else Statement:

number = 10
if number > 0:
    print("Number is positive.")
else:
    print("Number is non-positive.")

Conditional Expression:

result = "Positive" if number > 0 else "Non-positive"
print(result)

Operators

Definition: Operators perform operations on variables and values.

Explanation: Python supports several types of operators: arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators.

Arithmetic Operators:

a = 10
b = 5
print("Sum:", a + b)  # Output: 15
print("Difference:", a - b)  # Output: 5
print("Product:", a * b)  # Output: 50
print("Division:", a / b)  # Output: 2.0

Relational Operators:

print("Is a greater than b?", a > b)  # Output: True

Logical Operators:

print("Is a greater than 5 and b less than 10?", a > 5 and b < 10)  # Output: True

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Definition: OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code.

Explanation: Python supports OOP and allows you to create classes and objects to model real-world entities.

Class and Object:

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def bark(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is barking!")

dog1 = Dog("Buddy", 3)
dog1.bark()

Functions

Definition: Functions are blocks of code that perform a specific task and can be reused.

Explanation: In Python, functions are defined using the def keyword.

Example:

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Alice"))
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